This report contains discusses of the following topics on Californium- 252: First sales of californium- 252 encapsulation services discussed three new participants in market evaluation program summer training programs to use californium Californium- 252 shipping casks available Californium- 252 questions and answers, radiotherapy neutron radiography natural resources exploration nuclear safeguards process control dosimetry neutron radiography neutron shielding and nuclear safeguards. The production, shipment, and sales history of 252 Cf from ORNL is summarized hereinĪ product of the nuclear age, Californium- 252 (Cf from ORNL is summarized herein.Ĭalifornium- 252 progress, report No. It is evident at this time that the Oak Ridge research facility can meet present and projected near-term requirements. Because of the nature of the product and the means by which it is produced, 252 Cf can be produced only in government-owned facilities. The Market Evaluation Program was instituted, in part, to determine if large-quantity production capability was required at the Savannah River Laboratory (SRL). This program included training series, demonstration centers, seminars, and a liberal loan policy for fabricated sources. Extensive exploitation of this product was made possible through the 252 Cf Market Evaluation Program, sponsored by the United States Department of Energy (DOE). The REDC/HFIR facility is virtually the sole supplier of 252 Cf in the western world and is the major supplier worldwide. Californium- 252 is produced in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) and processed in the Radiochemical Engineering Development Center (REDC), both of which are located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. During the past 40 years, 252 Cf has been applied with great success to cancer therapy, neutron radiography of objects ranging from flowers to entire aircraft, startup sources for nuclear reactors, fission activation for quality analysis of all commercial nuclear fuel, and many other beneficial uses, some of which are now ready for further growth. Californium- 252 is unique as a neutron source in that it provides a highly concentrated flux and extremely reliable neutron spectrum from a very small assembly. Overall uncertainties between 2 and 2.5% could be achieved corrections due to neutron scattering in source and samples are discussedĬalifornium- 252: a remarkable versatile radioisotopeĪ product of the nuclear age, Californium- 252 ( 252 Cf) has found many applications in medicine, scientific research, industry, and nuclear science education. The reactions 27 Al(n,α) 46 Ti, 47 Ti, 48 Ti(n,p), 54 Fe, 56 Fe(n,p), 58 Ni(n,p), 64 Zn(n,p), 115 In(n,n') were studied in order to obtain a consistent set of threshold detectors used in fast neutron flux density measurements. In a low-scattering arrangement cross sections averaged over the californium- 252 spontaneous fission neutron spectrum were measured. Measurements of integral cross sections in the californium- 252 fission neutron spectrumĪlberts, W.G. Study of the shielding for spontaneous fission sources of Californium- 252 Estudio de blindaje para fuentes de fision espontanea de Californio- 252Įnergy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB) The compound package by a database (Library DLC-23) and the ANISNW code is used, in it version for personal computer. Study of the shielding for spontaneous fission sources of Californium- 252Ī shielding study is made to attenuate, until maximum permissible levels, the neutrons radiation and photons emitted by spontaneous fission coming from a source of Californium- 252. The mechanism of 252 Cf neutron emission is also discussed on the basis of neutron yield angle measurements. The irregularity in the 252 Cf neutron spectrum in the neutron energy range of less than 0.7 MeV compared to theoretical values is discussed. The mean neutron spectrum energy in the range of 0.7 to 10 MeV was found from the results of measurements. The measurements of 252 Cf neutron spectrum at energies of 0.01 to 5 MeV were performed as a function of fission fragment kinetic energy. The californium- 252 spontaneous fission neutron spectrum was measured in the energy range of 0.01 to 10 MeV by the time-of-flight technique using various neutron detectors. International Nuclear Information System (INIS) Prompt neutron spectrum of the spontaneous fission of californium- 252
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